|
HIGH
TECH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (863) PROGRAMME
I. ORIGIN
Since the 1980s new tides of technical revolution with the
high technolgies of information, biology, new materials
, etc. at the core have pounded at the whole world. In 1983
the United States put forward the Strategic Defence Initiative
(i. e. the Star Wars Initiative), then came the EURICA of
Europe, the Comprehnesive Outline of Science and Technology
Progress in Year 2000 of the member countries of the Council
of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) at that time, the Policies
for the Promotion of Science and Technology in the Next
Ten Years of Japan, etc., which are all strategic plans
aimed at the 21st century. The implementation of those plans
have created impacts on the great devlopment of high technologies
in the world.
How China, as a large developing socialist country, keeps
abreast of the new situation of rapid development of high
technologies in the world, trace the world advanced level
and reduce the gap between China and foreign countries has
become the focal point attracting the attention of scientic
and also the Party Central Committee and the State Concil.
In March 1986, in view of the impacts of competition in
the fields of high technologies in the world on China, four
scientists, Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi and
chen Fanyun, submitted a letter to the central govemment
to suggest that China adopt appropriate countermeasures
to trace the development of high technologies in the world.
This letter received great attention of Mr. Deng Xiaoping,
who gave the written instruction "Quick decision should
be made on this smatter without any delay ".The instructions
of Mr. Deng were a great decision with far reaching significance.
Since then the development of research on high technologies
has entered a new stage in China. Because the letter of
the scientists and the written instructions were both put
forward in March 1986, hence came the name of "863"
for the magnificent programme.
The High tech Research
and Development (863) Programme has entered the Ninth Five-year
Plan period as a phase of the most intensive work, after
the Seventh Five-year Plan period as a phase of coming into
normal operation and the Eighth Five-year Plan period as
a phase of tackling the most difficult problems.
At present, the second
high-tech research and development programme of China for
the 21st century is being formulated. At present there are
totally eight fields and 20 subjects with the 863 programme,
in which the Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible
for organizing implementation in the six fields of biology,
information , automation, energy, materials and marine technologies.
II GUIDING
PRINCIPLES, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
1. Guiding
Principles
China is a developing
country, It is impossible and also unnecessary for China
to invest large amounts of manpower, materials and finacial
resources to develop high technologies comprehensively on
a large scale in a long period. Therefore, the general policy
for the selection of objectives of research and development
for the 863 Programme is "Combine military use with
civil use, with stress on the latter".The development
of high technologies is mainly for developing the national
economy, training is mainly for developing the national
economy, training talents; the policy "Limit objectives
and concetrate on focal points" is applied to the selection
of projects.
2. Strategic
Goals
With the efforts of
15 years, the 863 Programme will reach the following goals:
(1) Trace the international
level and reduce the gap between China and foreign countries
in the several most important fields and strive for breakthroughs
in the fields in which China holds superiority so as to
create conditions for the economic development and national
defence around year 2000, in particular the early next century;
(2) Train a new generation
of high level scientific and technolgical talents;
(3) Promote the development
of science and technology in related fields through "umbrella
radiating " effect;
(4) Lay an advanced
technical basis for the economic and social development
in the early next century and create favourable conditions
for the development of high technologies;
(5) Closely link the
phasic achievements with other programmes of extension and
application so that they can be quickly transformed into
productive force and create economic benefits.
3. Objectives
for the Ninth Five-year Plan Period
Comprehensively achieve
the strategic goals of the 863 Programme, make eight to
ten breakthroughs in important basic technologies that are
colsely related with the national economy and the people's
livelihood and have the prospects of industrialization so
as to make contribution to the solution of the pressing
problems limiting the national economic development and
to the achievement of the second phase strategic goals of
the state, and lay a solid basis for the sustainable, rapid
development and industrialization of high technologies in
China in the next century.
(1) Join the advanced
ranks in some aspect of the fields of biology , information
, automation, energy and new materials and strive to retain
or reach the internationally advanced level in some aspects,
promote the technical development in related fields and
industries, increase th strength of science and technology
and integrated national power of China.
(2) Provide technical
support to the development of high yield agriculture, biological
medicine industry, information industry, new materials industry
and advanced manufacture industry, to the establishment
of future energy industries and the national security, accelerate
the application of acehievement of laboratories to industries,
prop up and develop a batch of new type industries of high
technologies and reform traditional industries by linking
the 863 Programme with other programmes and economic sectors,
localities and enterprises so as to achieve higher economic
and social benefits and make significant contribution to
the solution of hot, difficult problems of the country.
(3) Establish and
improve a few of research and development bases of high
technologies in order to create favourable conditions for
the study , development and sustainable advancement of high
technologies in Chnina.
(4) Train talents
of high technologies, particularly complex leader typle
talents of straegic thinking and inter-discipline synthesis
ability who will work into the next century, bring
up and retain a team of about 10000 persons for the study
and dvevlopment of high technologies and a great deal of
scientists of great acadmic attainments to take up a position
in the frontiers of research of high technologies in the
world; bring up a batch of experts of engineering technology
with a solid technical basis and strong innovation ability
and a batch of entrepreneurs of high technologies who are
capable of enterprise operation and management and a batch
of experts of modern sicentific and technological management.
III. THE MAIN
CONTENTS
During the Ninth Five-year
Plan period, the 863 Programme is implemented by two levels.
One level is to directly contribute to achievement of the
objectives of national economic and social development for
year 2000 and conduct the three campaigns of promoting the
level of science and technology and production of agriculture,
reforming traditional industries and promoting the industrialization
of high technologies by concentrating the whole force of
the 863 Programme and closely cooperating with departments
and localities; and the other level is to make breakthroughs
in the main key technologes in selected fields, promote
the transformation of research achievements into productive
force and achieve the defined strategic goals of every field.
The three
campaigns of the first level are to :
1. Energetically develop
new/high technologies for the agriculture of high yield
high quality and high effectiveness and promote the extension
and application of those technologies so as to contribute
to the achievement to the state objectives to increase agricultural
output by year 2000.
Develop the key technologies
for agricultural biological engineerign and organize extension
and application of those technologies on a large scale so
as to make them important elements promoting the agricultural
development in china and lay a solid basis for the achieveiment
of the state objectives to increase grain production and
for the promotion of agricultural production level. For
example, cultivate a batch of high quality , high yield
and stress resistant varieties of grain cops, cash crops
and horticultural crops and conduct demonstrative planting
on a large scale; and cultivate several new varieties of
animals needed by the people's daily life in large quantities
and conduct pilot tests. Strive by every means to make more
contribution to the increase of grain output in the Ninth
Five-year Plan period.
2. Study and develop
automation technologies suitable for the conditions of China
and provide a technical platform for the modernized management
of enterprise to meet the needs by manufacture industry
and service trades.
Make automation technologies,
particularly CIMS, a propeller to promote the innovative
and international competitive capacities of industrial technologies,
and guide industries to shift form the traditional mode
of economic growth to the intensive growth type. During
the Ninth Five-year Plan period, for example, engineering
for demonstrative application of CIMS will be constructed
in dozens of representative enterprises of above ten sectors
and the CIMS technologies will be extended to about 100
large and medium-sized enterprises, with the support of
departments and localities and in combination with the technical
reform of robot will be implemented in the national mainstay
industries of automobile, electronics, etc..
3. Make breakthroughs
in the high technologies with the Chinese characteristics
and intellectual property rights to lay a basis for the
formation of high-tech industries of biological medicine,
information, new materials, etc.,
Select several high
technologies in which China has superiority for the breakthrough
of industrialization, support the establishment and development
of high-tech industries and make the 863 Programme a starting
Piont of high tech industries, With the support of the 863
Programme, the industry of biological high technology should
be initially formed and a batch of high tech enterprises
of information, manufacture and new materials with international
competitive capacity should be established, For example
it is planned to put above the biological engineering medicines
and vaccines into production with all products to be sold
to markets and the planned output value is 5 billion yuan;
the industrialization of above the important new materials
will be promoted to replace imported products and create
5 billion yuan of output value; dozens of mainstay enterprises
of industries of high performance computers, large digital
programme-controlled exchanger, etc . will be fostered so
as to help increase the share of domestic information equipment
products in domestic and foreign markets in the Ninth-Five
year Plan period.
The main tasks
of the second level are to :
1. Continue to develop
the research on agricultural biological and medical biological
technologies and further reduce the gap between China and
developed countries in the overall level of biological technologies;
2. Study and develop
the large scale parallel processing technology, develop
key optoelectronic components , make breakthroughs in the
new type earth observation technology, master modern communication
technology and acquire local superiority in international
competition.
3. Master parallel
engineering and application technology, develop the key
and supporting technologies needed by industrial robot and
join the internationally advanced ranks in the main aspects
of industrial automation;
4. Develop advanced
nuclear reactor technologies and establish corresponding
experimental rectors for peace purpose;
5. Develop the key,
new materials urgently needed by the development of national
mainstay industries, provision of accessories for national
defence type engineering and nationalization of production
with imported equipments (production lines ), and raise
the overall level of research on material sciences in China
IV THE MAIN
MEASURES
1. Concetrating
Resources on Important Projects
During the Ninth Five-year
Plan period, the 863 Programme will be managed by two levels,
important projects and subject projects. It will be ensured
that more than 50% of funds will be used for important projects
and the annual per capita investment intensity will be over
75000 to 10000 yuan. The management of important projects
will be conscientiously strengthened and every effort will
be made to ensure the achievement of the objectives of important
projects.
2. Strengthen
the Extension and Application of Achievements
Strengthen the research
on the application of achievements in laboratories to engineering,
accelerate the extension and application of mature technologies
and products, extend the support to the projects with promise
of extension application and industrialization beyond the
completion of the projects, pay attention to attracting
enterprises or users to participate or invest in the transformation
of achievements, in particular encouraging early participation
and investment, and further mobilize the investment and
support of governmental departments, sectors and localities.
3. Strengthen
Management, Improve Managerial Institution and Operational
Mechanism
Expand the range of
experts and improve the overall structure of expert teams
by drawing in more entrepreneurs, market analysis and managerial
experts to participate in the decision making and management
of the 863 Programme, Strengthen evaluation, standardize
and institutionalize evaluation. Improve the existing evaluation
and monitoring systems, strengthen the monitoring and evaluation
of expert organizations and experts , conduct engineering
supervision or other supervision mechanism for important
engineering type projects. Give play to the function of
economic lever.
4. Improve
Base Construction and Training
Conscientiously summarize
the experiences of construction of bases for the research
and development of high technologies, reform the operational
mechanism and conduct management by kind. Formulate concrete
measures to retain talents and stabilize a team of about
15000 members , dominated by youths, for the research and
development of high technologies, well construct post-doctor
floating stations, continue the youth foundation and network
foundation and increase the intensity of input. Entrust
youths important tasks, provide multiple approaches for
training youths, and give awards and honors to those with
achievements.
|
